Classification of the Local Community and Users of the Cemetery of Sidi Jalal

1- الترابية ( المعلمين ): هم أصحاب النفوذ وممثلي الحكومة بالقرافة ودائماً ما يكون لديهم منازل مبنية على أراضي مسجلة مدافن وصادر لها ترخيص بإقامة منزل ومخزن في المنطقة الخاصة بالتربي ، وكان التربي يعيش في القرافة بمنزله أو بأي حوش يريده بعد موافقة أصحابه إن وجدوا، وعادةً يتم توريث مهنة التربي لأحد أبناؤه من بعده ويكون التربي الجديد مسئول أمام إدارة الجبانات بالمحافظة وأمام أي جهة حكومية بخصوص منطقته ، وقد يعاونه إخوته بصفة غير رسمية ، وفي الوقت الحاضر يمكن أن يكون منزل التربي بعيداً عن القرافة ، ومهنة التربي مربحة ويرجع هذا لأعمال الترميمات بالمدافن ودفن الموتى وبناء القبور الجديدة ، ويقول المثل الشعبي على مهنة التربي ” الترابية ملوك مخفية ” ويقال ايضاً ” الترابية مليونيرات مخفية ” وبالتالي فإن مصدر رزق الترابية من القرافة ، وقد يكون التربي يشتغل بمهنة أخرى .
ورث الترابية الحاليون عن أجدادهم المهنة والسيطرة على الأماكن المختلفة ومن أشهر عائلات الترابية بالمنطقة (أبوسبحة – عيد بركة – بليحة – سعدون).

1. Al-Turabiyya (al-mu‘allimin), Buriers:
These are the government representatives in the cemetery and the most powerful. They usually own houses built on lands registered as graveyards that have license for building a house and a warehouse in the burier’s zone. The burier used to live either in his house or in any graveyard he chooses after the approval of its owners, if they exist. The profession is usually inherited to one of the sons who becomes in charge of his zone for the Cemetery Management Department in the governorate or any other governmental authority. He may be informally helped by his brothers. Nowadays the house of the burier may not exist in the cemetery. This profession is profitable, as it – in addition to burial of the dead – also includes restoration works in graveyards and construction of new ones. This is reflected in popular proverbs that say: “buriers are hidden kings,” and “buriers are hidden millionaires.” And so, a burier relies mainly on his profession for making a living, yet he may as well be involved in other professions.
Accordingly, today’s buriers have inherited their profession and their control over various zones in the cemetery from their grandfathers. Some of the most renowned families in the profession in this area are Abu Sibha, ‘Id Baraka, Bliha, and Sa‘dun.

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Grave Construction Techniques

Despite the variety in terminologies used for types of grave construction with regards to the grave interior architecture, the construction technology used is inherited long ago through generations of masons. The ground is dug two meters and a half deep; buriers, al-turabiyya, call the earth resulting from the digging al-shuhba. A foundation layer is then added comprising stone rubble mixed with mortar of lime and sand. In the old times, mud was sometimes used as mortar, and the choice of mud was preferred for its connotation that it has not been subjected to fire. The foundation layer is applied in a depth of a meter and a half, and then the walls are built in cut stone mostly brought from al-Jabal al-Juyushy area for the facility of its transportation and cutting. Cut stones are set in courses to form walls, and at the height of a meter and a half, the mason starts to build the two opposite arches where one of them covers the entrance to the burial chamber; a stick is placed in the center of the chamber from the springing point of the arch to the opposite wall to measure the vault’s arch. Then the mason begins building the two arches, for they act as a support on which the vault is built. During the construction of the vault, a wooden slab rests on two sticks fixed in the middle of the chamber to place the stones forming a course. The stones are fixed with gypsum from above. After finishing one course on one side, the mason moves to the opposite wall and builds similarly one course, this continues until the vault is fully completed. Then the joints are filled in with mortar.
In the old times, the same technique was used in constructing graves, except for the building materials, where cut stones were used in case the founder is well off, while rubble was used in case the founder can not afford it. The mortar was mud, and the wall plastering was also with mud sometimes mixed with sand. Clean sand is spread to cover the floor at a height of 30 – 50cm. the position of sleeping – or the laying of the body, al-manama, is called the burial, al-dafna. In case a grave is designed for the burial of men and women, the chamber for men is always on the right upon descending the grave, while that for women is on the left; this is reflected in the buriers’ saying “in a right burial, the woman is placed below the foot of the man,” accordingly the direction of chambers is determined. The direction of building may change according to the nature of earth, and the two chambers become adjacent so that the men’s chamber lies on the right upon descending the grave, while the women’s chamber lies to the right of the men’s chamber. In other cases, a grave may consist of a single chamber for only a single gender, or it may also consist of two chambers for only a single gender. The burial chamber is called ‘ayn or rawh. Read More

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